Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy

where E is energy, and m is mass. Data listed in the Norman/Setterfield Report confirm the analysis that m is proportional to 1c within a quantum interval, so that energy E is unaffected as c varies. Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff independently verify that when the energy density of the ZPF decreases, mass also decreases. Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy confirm that E in Einsteins equation remains unaffected by these synchronous changes involving c If we continue this analysis, the behaviour of mass m is found to be very closely related to the behaviour of the Gravitational constant G and gravitational phenomena. In fact G can be shown to vary in such a way that Gm remains invariant at all Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy This relationship between G and m is similar to the relationship between Plancks constant and the speed of light that leaves the quantity hc unchanged. The quantity Gm always occurs as a Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy entity in the relevant gravitational or orbital equations Therefore, gravitational and orbital phenomena will be unchanged by varying light speed as will planetary periods and distances In other words, acceleration due to gravity, weight, and planetary orbital years, remain independent of any variation of c. As a result, astronomical orbital periods of the earth, moon, and planets form an independent time-piece, a dynamical clock, with which it is possible to compare atomic processes. This comparison between dynamical and atomic clocks leads to another aspect of this discussion. Observations reveal that a higher speed of light implies that some atomic processes are proportionally faster. This includes atomic frequencies and the rate of ticking of atomic clocks. In 1934 c was experimentally determined to be varying, but measured wavelengths of light were experimentally shown to be unchanged. Professor Raymond T. Birge, who did not personally accept the idea that the speed of light could vary, nevertheless stated that the observational data left only one conclusion. He stated that if c was actually varying and wavelengths remained unchanged, this could only mean the value of every atomic frequencymust be changing Birge was able to make this statement because of an equation linking the wavelength W of light, with frequency F, and light-speed c. The equation reads c FW. If W is constant and c is varying, then F must vary in proportion to c. Furthermore, Birge knew that the frequency of light emitted from atoms is directly proportional to the frequency of the revolution of atomic particles in their orbits All atomic frequencies are therefore directly proportional to F, and so also directly proportional to c, just as Birge indicated. The Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy of atomic clocks is governed by atomic frequencies. It therefore follows that these clocks, in all their various forms, run at a rate proportional to c. The atomic clock is thereby c-dependent, while the orbital or dynamical clock ticks independently at a constant rate. In 1965, Kovalevsky pointed out the converse of this. He stated that if the two clock rates were different, then Plancks constant as well as atomic frequencies would drift This is precisely what the observations reveal. This has practical consequences in the measurements of c. In 1949 the frequency-dependent ammonia-quartz clock was introduced and became standard in many scientific laboratories But by 1967, atomic clocks had become uniformly adopted as timekeepers around the world. Methods that use atomic clocks to measure c will always fail to detect any changes in light-speed, since their run-rate varies directly as c varies. This is evidenced by the change in character of the c data following the introduction of these clocks. This is why the General Conference on Weights and Measures meeting in Paris in October of 1983 declared c an absolute constant Since then, any change in the speed of light would have to be inferred from measurements other than those involving atomic clocks. However, this problem with frequencies and atomic clocks can actually supply additional data to work with. It is possible in principle to obtain evidence for speed of light variation by comparing the run-rate of atomic clocks with that of dynamical clocks. When this is done, a difference in run-rate is noted. Over a number of years up to 1980, Dr. Thomas Van Flandern of the US Naval Observatory in Washington examined data from lunar laser ranging using atomic clocks, and compared their data with data from dynamical, or orbital, clocks. From this comparison of data, he concluded that the number of atomic seconds in a dynamical interval is becoming fewer. Presumably, if the result has any generality to it, this means that atomic phenomena are slowing down with respect to dynamical phenomena Van Flandern has more recently been involved in setting the parameters running the clocks in the Global Positioning System of satellites used for navigation around the world. His clock comparisons indicated that atomic phenomena were slowing against the dynamical standard until about 19 This implies that c was continuing to slow until at least 1980, regardless of the results obtained using the frequency-dependent measurements of recent atomic clocks. These clock comparisons are useful in another Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy The atomic dates of historical artifacts can be approximated via radiometric dating. These dates can then be compared with actual historical, or orbital, dates. This comparison of clocks allows us to examine the situation prior to 1678 when the Danish astronomer Roemer made the first measurement of the speed of light. When this comparison is done, light-speed behaviour is seen to include an oscillation, which seems to have had one minimum around 2570 BC, with an Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy of about 200 years, following which it climbed to a secondary maximum, and then started dropping again. Indeed, it is of Gem jewelry goldsmith vacancy to note that measurements of several atomic constants associated with c seem to indicate that the c decay curve apparently bottomed out around 1980 AD and may have started to increase again.